Step-by-Step Instructions

1. 1.Prepare Fried Onions (Birista)

   Slice red onions thinly. Heat oil in a pan for deep frying. Fry the sliced onions until they are golden brown and crispy. Be careful not to burn them. Remove from oil and drain on paper towels. Reserve 0.25 cup of the frying oil for marination.

2. 2.Make Homemade Biryani Masala

   In a dry pan, add shahi jeera, fennel seeds, coriander seeds, cloves, green cardamom, cinnamon stick, mace (optional), and bay leaf. Dry roast the spices on medium heat until fragrant, about 2-3 minutes. Let them cool completely. Grind the cooled spices into a fine powder using a blender or spice grinder.

3. 3.Marinate the Mutton

   In a large bowl, combine the mutton pieces with salt, ginger-garlic paste, turmeric powder, Kashmiri red chili powder, 1.5 tablespoons of the homemade biryani masala, mint leaves, coriander leaves, de-seeded green chilies, 0.5 cup of fried onions (birista), yogurt, and lime juice. Add 0.25 cup of the reserved oil from frying the onions. Mix everything thoroughly with your hands until the mutton is well coated. Cover and let it marinate for at least 2 hours in the refrigerator.

4. 4.Prepare the Rice

   Wash the basmati rice under running water a couple of times until the water runs clear. Soak the washed rice in water for 30-60 minutes.

5. 5.Bloom Saffron

   Add a pinch of saffron strands to warm milk or water and mix. Let it sit to bloom and release its color and flavor.

6. 6.Cook the Rice (Partial)

   In a large pot, bring water to a boil. Add salt, shahi jeera, green cardamom, cloves, cinnamon stick, coriander leaves, mint leaves, and de-seeded green chilies to the boiling water. Once the water is boiling, add the drained soaked rice. Cook the rice for about 5-6 minutes, until it is 50-60% cooked. The grains should still have a slight bite.

7. 7.Drain Rice and Reserve Water

   Carefully remove about half of the partially cooked rice from the pot using a slotted spoon and set aside. Reserve 0.5 cup of the rice cooking water for later use. Drain the remaining rice using a sieve or colander.

8. 8.Layer the Biryani

   In a heavy-bottomed pot (like a Dutch oven), spread the marinated mutton evenly at the bottom. Layer half of the partially cooked rice over the mutton. Sprinkle some fried onions, mint leaves, coriander leaves, and a pinch of the homemade biryani masala over this layer. Add the remaining partially cooked rice on top. Drizzle ghee evenly over the rice. Pour the bloomed saffron milk over the rice. Sprinkle more fried onions, mint leaves, coriander leaves, and the remaining biryani masala. Pour the reserved 0.5 cup of rice water over the top layer.

9. 9.Dum Cooking

   Cover the pot with aluminum foil, ensuring it's tightly sealed, then place the heavy lid on top. Cook on medium-high heat for about 10 minutes, or until steam starts escaping from the sides. Then, place the biryani pot on a flat pan (like a cast iron skillet) on the stove, reduce the heat to the lowest setting, and cook for 45-50 minutes. This slow cooking method is called 'dum cooking' and ensures the meat is tender and the rice is fully cooked and infused with flavors.

10. 10.Serve the Biryani

    Once the dum cooking is complete, carefully remove the lid and foil. Gently mix the biryani from the bottom up to combine the mutton and rice. The mutton should be fall-off-the-bone tender. Serve hot, garnished with fresh mint if desired.