Step-by-Step Instructions

1. 1.Prepare Biryani Spice Mix

   Break cinnamon sticks and tear bay leaves. Add all biryani spice mix ingredients (cinnamon, bay leaf, star anise, green cardamom, mace, cloves, fennel seeds, caraway seeds, black peppercorns, black cardamom, coriander seeds) to a pan. Turn heat to medium-low and toast until fragrant and the spices start to crackle and jump in the pan. Immediately pour the toasted spices into a mortar. Grate half a whole nutmeg into the mortar. Grind the spices using a mortar and pestle until finely ground. The spice mix should smell sweet, woody, licorice, citrus, smoky, and flower-like.

2. 2.Marinate the Chicken

   In a large bowl, combine plain yogurt, ginger garlic paste, Kashmiri chili powder, turmeric powder, 2-3 scoops of the prepared biryani spice mix, and salt. Split green chilies lengthwise and add them to the bowl. Mix the marinade until evenly combined and colorful. Add bone-in chicken pieces to the marinade. Using gloved hands, thoroughly mix the chicken, ensuring every piece is fully coated. Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, preferably overnight.

3. 3.Cook the Chicken

   Add 1-2 tablespoons of ghee to a biryani pot (or a heavy-bottomed pot) and melt it over medium heat. Once the ghee is melted, put on gloves and carefully place the marinated chicken pieces skin-side down in an even layer across the bottom of the pot. Pour any remaining spiced yogurt marinade over the chicken. Cook the chicken over medium-high heat for 30-45 minutes.

4. 4.Prepare Crispy Fried Onions

   Peel and thinly slice the large onions using a mandoline. Add 1-2 cups of cooking oil to a pan. Place the sliced onions into the cold oil. Turn the heat to low and cook the onions slowly until they become golden brown and crispy. Once done, remove the crispy onions from the oil using a slotted spoon and spread them out on paper towels to drain excess oil and continue to crisp up.

5. 5.Prepare Basmati Rice

   Measure out 2-3 cups of basmati rice into a large pot. Cover the rice with water and rinse it thoroughly, stirring with your hand, until the water runs mostly clear. Let the rice soak in clean water for about 30 minutes to ensure long, fluffy grains. Bring a separate pot of water to a boil. Add whole spices (bay leaves, green cardamom, black cardamom, cloves, star anise, mace) and a generous amount of salt to the boiling water. Add the soaked and drained rice to the boiling water. Bring to a hard simmer and cook for 5-7 minutes, or until the rice is about 75% cooked (soft on the outside, slightly hard on the inside). Drain the rice into a colander to remove excess liquid. Pick out any large whole spices from the rice. Spread the cooked rice on a sheet tray to dry slightly.

6. 6.Layer the Biryani (Dum Method)

   Over the cooked chicken in the biryani pot, evenly spread half of the crispy fried onions. Sprinkle fresh mint and cilantro leaves over the onions. Begin adding the 75% cooked basmati rice over the herbs, creating a very even layer across the entire surface, paying attention to the corners. In a small bowl, crush a pinch of saffron threads into 1/4 cup of warm milk and mix. Drizzle the saffron milk over the rice, creating beautiful yellow streaks while leaving some parts white for a speckled pattern. Top with the remaining crispy fried onions. Drizzle 1-2 tablespoons of the onion-flavored oil (from frying the onions) over the top. Finally, sprinkle 1 teaspoon of the biryani spice mix over the entire dish. Top with more mint and cilantro.

7. 7.Create and Seal with Dough Lid

   In a bowl, combine 1 cup of all-purpose flour with approximately 1/2 cup of water, adding gradually until a dough forms that holds together. Knead the dough with your hands until it's pliable. Roll out the dough with a rolling pin on a floured surface until it's thin and large enough to drape over the biryani pot. Carefully place the rolled dough over the biryani pot, stretching it to cover the entire opening and drape over the sides. Secure the dough by squeezing it tightly all around the edges of the pot to create a hard, airtight seal. Brush the top of the dough lid with 1-2 tablespoons of ghee to give it a golden-brown finish and prevent cracking during baking.

8. 8.Bake and Serve

   Place the sealed biryani pot into a preheated oven (temperature not specified, typically 180-200°C) and bake until the dough lid is golden brown and puffed up, indicating steam has built up inside. Once baked, carefully remove the biryani from the oven. Using a knife, cut around the edges of the dough lid to release it. Lift the lid to reveal the steaming biryani. The plume of steam will be incredibly aromatic. Scoop out a portion of the biryani, ensuring you get some of the chicken and the caramelized yogurt sauce from the bottom. Serve with a simple onion raita (yogurt mixed with finely chopped onion, herbs, and a pinch of biryani spice blend).