Step-by-Step Instructions

1. 1.Toast and Grind Spices

   Break cinnamon sticks and tear bay leaves into a pan. Add star anise, green cardamom pods, mace, cloves, fennel seeds, caraway seeds, black peppercorns, black cardamom pods, and coriander seeds. Turn heat to medium-low and toast until fragrant and crackling. Your nose should tell you when they're done. Immediately pour the toasted spices into a mortar. Grate one whole nutmeg into the mortar. Grind all the spices together until a fine powder is formed.

2. 2.Prepare Chicken Marinade

   In a large bowl, combine 1.5 cups of plain yogurt, 2 tbsp ginger-garlic paste, 1 tbsp Kashmiri chili powder, 1 tsp turmeric powder, 2-3 tbsp of the freshly ground biryani spice mix, and 1 tsp salt. Split 2-3 green chilies lengthwise and add them to the bowl. Mix all ingredients until evenly combined. Add 6-8 pieces of bone-in chicken to the marinade and thoroughly mix with your hands, ensuring every piece is fully coated. Cover the bowl and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, preferably overnight.

3. 3.Cook Chicken

   Add 2 tbsp of ghee to a biryani pot (or a heavy-bottomed pot) over medium-high heat. Once the ghee is melted, place all the marinated chicken pieces skin-side down in an even layer across the bottom of the pot. Pour any remaining spiced yogurt marinade over the chicken. Cook the chicken for 30-45 minutes, allowing the flavors to develop and the chicken to partially cook.

4. 4.Fry Onions

   Peel and thinly slice 2 large onions, preferably using a mandoline for even thickness. In a separate pan, add 2-3 cups of vegetable oil (enough to cover the onions). Add the sliced onions to the cold oil. Turn the heat to medium-low and cook the onions low and slow until they become golden brown and crispy. Once crispy, remove the onions from the oil using a slotted spoon and spread them on paper towels to drain excess oil and crisp up further.

5. 5.Prepare Basmati Rice

   Measure out 3 cups of basmati rice into a large bowl. Rinse the rice multiple times under cold water until the water runs mostly clear. Cover the rinsed rice with water and let it soak for about 30 minutes. Bring a large pot of water to a hard simmer. Add 1 bay leaf, 1 black cardamom pod, 2-3 green cardamom pods, 3-4 cloves, and 1-2 tbsp of salt to the boiling water. Drain the soaked rice and add it to the boiling spiced water. Cook the rice for 5-7 minutes, or until it is about 75% cooked (soft on the outside, slightly firm on the inside). Drain the rice into a colander to remove all excess liquid. Spread the partially cooked rice onto a sheet tray to dry slightly and make it easier to pick out any whole spices.

6. 6.Prepare Saffron Milk and Herbs

   In a small bowl, combine 1/4 cup of warm milk with a pinch (about 1/4 tsp) of saffron threads. Gently crush the saffron into the milk. Mix and set aside to bloom. Pick the leaves off 1/2 cup of fresh mint. Shave the leaves off 1/2 cup of fresh cilantro stems.

7. 7.Layer the Biryani (Dum Method)

   Over the cooked chicken in the biryani pot, evenly spread half of the crispy fried onions. Sprinkle the picked mint and cilantro leaves over the onions. Carefully spoon the partially cooked basmati rice over the herbs, creating a very even layer across the entire surface, paying attention to the corners. Drizzle the saffron milk over the rice in streaks, leaving some parts of the rice white for a speckled effect. Top with the remaining crispy onions. Drizzle 1-2 tbsp of the onion-flavored oil (from frying the onions) over the top. Finally, sprinkle 1 tsp of the biryani spice mix over the entire surface.

8. 8.Seal and Bake

   In a bowl, combine 1 cup of all-purpose flour with 1/4 to 1/2 cup of water, adding just enough water to form a cohesive dough. Knead the dough until it comes together. Roll out the dough into a large, thin circle, just big enough to drape over the sides of your biryani pot. Carefully place the rolled dough over the biryani pot, stretching it to cover the edges. Secure the dough by squeezing it tightly all around the rim of the pot to create an airtight seal. Brush 1 tbsp of ghee over the dough lid. Place the biryani pot into a preheated oven (temperature not specified, typically 350-375°F or 175-190°C) and bake for approximately 45 minutes, or until the dough lid is golden brown and large bubbles indicate steam building up inside.

9. 9.Serve Biryani

   Once baked, carefully remove the biryani pot from the oven. Using a knife, cut around the edges of the dough lid to open the pot. Lift off the lid, revealing the steaming biryani. The plume of steam will be incredibly fragrant. Scoop a portion of the biryani, ensuring to get some of the chicken and the caramelized yogurt sauce from the bottom. Serve immediately, optionally with a side of raita.