Step-by-Step Instructions

1. 1.Marinate the Mutton

   In a large bowl, combine 650 grams of mutton with 3 green cardamom, 6-7 cloves, 7-8 black pepper, 2 bay leaves, 1 star anise, 1/2 inch cinnamon, 1/2 tbsp cumin, 2 tbsp ginger garlic paste, 1/2 cup crushed fried onion (birista), 1/2 cup curd, 3-4 dry plums, 2 tbsp coriander powder, 1/2 tbsp garam masala powder, 1/2 tbsp salt, 2 tbsp biryani masala, green chilli paste made from 12-14 chilies, roughly chopped coriander leaves, and roughly chopped mint leaves. Mix all ingredients thoroughly until the mutton is well coated. Marinate for a minimum of 2 hours, or preferably overnight in the refrigerator for deeper flavor.

2. 2.Cook the Mutton Masala

   Heat oil (preferably the oil used for frying onions) in a pressure cooker. Add the marinated mutton to the hot oil. Sauté the mutton on high heat for 5-6 minutes, stirring occasionally, until it is well browned and the spices are fragrant. Add 1/4 cup of water to the mutton. Close the pressure cooker lid. Cook on high heat for 3 whistles, then reduce the heat to low and continue cooking for another 5-7 minutes, or until the mutton is tender. The cooking time may vary depending on the quality of the mutton.

3. 3.Prepare for Layering

   Once the mutton is cooked, open the pressure cooker. Skim off about 1/4 cup of the oil that has risen to the top of the mutton masala and set it aside. This oil will be used later for layering the biryani.

4. 4.Boil the Basmati Rice

   In a large pot, bring 1.5 liters of water to a rolling boil. Add 3 tbsp salt, 1/2 lemon (or 1 tbsp vinegar), 2 tbsp oil, 2 bay leaves, 1/2 tbsp cumin seeds, 5-6 black pepper, 4-5 cloves, 1/2 inch cinnamon, 3 green cardamom, and a few sprigs of mint leaves. Once the water is boiling vigorously, add 500 grams of basmati rice that has been soaked for 1 hour. Cook the rice until it is 85-90% done; it should break into 2-3 pieces when pressed. Drain the rice and set aside.

5. 5.Layer the Biryani

   In a large, heavy-bottomed pot or pan suitable for dum cooking, drizzle a little normal oil and some of the reserved biryani oil at the bottom. Spread a layer of the boiled rice evenly. Arrange fried potatoes over this rice layer. Next, spread the cooked mutton masala evenly over the potatoes and rice. Cover the mutton masala with the remaining boiled rice.

6. 6.Dum Cook the Biryani

   Drizzle the remaining reserved biryani oil over the top layer of rice. Evenly pour 1/4 cup of lukewarm milk over the rice. Cover the pot tightly with a lid, preferably sealed with a kitchen towel or aluminum foil to trap the steam. Place the pot on a low flame and let it dum (steam cook) for 20 minutes.

7. 7.Serve the Biryani

   After 20 minutes of dum cooking, remove the lid. Gently mix the biryani from the bottom up to combine the rice and mutton masala. Serve the hot and flavorful mutton biryani on a platter.